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Environmental conditions play a crucial role in influencing gene expression in prokaryotes, as these organisms need to adapt quickly to fluctuations in their surroundings in order to survive. Unlike eukaryotes, prokaryotes lack complex compartmentalization, so they rely on rapid and efficient regulatory mechanisms that directly respond to environmental stimuli. Gene expression in prokaryotes is tightly controlled at the transcriptional level, and the presence or absence of certain molecules in the environment often determines whether specific genes are turned on or off. One of the most well-studied examples of environmental influence on prokaryotic gene expression is the lac operon in *Escherichia coli*. The lac operon regulates genes required for lactose metabolism. In the absence of lactose, a repressor protein binds to the operator region, preventing transcription of the structural genes. When lactose becomes available, a derivative of lactose called _______ ______ ____ ___ __________ ____.
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