How did the Industrial revolution and its spread shaped the colonial power's perception of environment?

The Industrial Revolution, which began in Britain in the late 18th century, had profound impacts not only on economic structures and societal transformations but also on the colonial powers' perception and interaction with the environment. As the revolution spread across Europe and the rest of the world, it significantly altered the way colonial powers such as Britain, France, and later other European nations perceived and exploited the natural world in their colonies, particularly in places like India.

Before the Industrial Revolution, colonial powers had a relatively limited and traditional understanding of the environment. The prevailing perception was shaped by agricultural and mercantile economies, where nature was seen largely as a source of raw materials and wealth to be extracted. However, with the rise of industrialization, this perception underwent a radical transformation. The shift from agrarian economies to industrial ones altered the way resources were extracted, utilized, and valued, and led to the expansion of colonial ventures in new and intensified forms.

One of the fundamental aspects of the Industrial Revolution was the mechanization of production. The introduction of steam engines, mass production techniques, and the development of new technologies, such as railways and ships, increased the demand for raw materials like coal, iron, cotton, and rubber. As European industrialists sought to fuel their growing factories, they turned to their colonies to provide ________ ______ _________ ________ __________ ______ __________ ______.
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