How did sociological theory emerge? What was the factor of industrial revolution in its emergence?

 It emerged in the early 19th century in response to the challenges of modernity. Increasing mobility and technological advances resulted in the increasing exposure of people to cultures and societies different from their own. The impact of this exposure was varied, but for some people, it included the breakdown of traditional norms and customs and warranted a revised understanding of how the world works. Sociologists responded to these changes by trying to understand what holds social groups together and also to explore possible solutions to the breakdown of social solidarity.

Thinkers of the Enlightenment period in the 18th century also helped set the stage for the sociologists who would follow. This period was the first time in history that thinkers tried to provide general explanations of the social world. They were able to detach themselves, at least in principle, from expounding some existing ideology and to attempt to lay down general principles that explained social life.

Positivism is often attributed to the early-19 th century work of Auguste Comte and his predecessor Claude- Henri de Saint-Simon (J. H. Turner, Beeghley, and Powers 2012), who are now seen as foundational thinkers for the social sciences but who were writing at ____ __________ _______ _______ ___ ______ _____ _____ ________.
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