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B.R. Ambedkar’s critique of the caste system provides deep insights into the mechanisms that perpetuated social stratification in India, among which endogamy played a central role. Endogamy, the practice of marrying within a specific social group, clan, or caste, acted as a crucial instrument in maintaining the rigid boundaries and hierarchies that defined the caste system. Ambedkar emphasized that the caste system was not merely a social arrangement but a deeply entrenched system of inequality, where endogamy functioned as a tool to preserve the purity of the caste and reinforce social divisions. Endogamy contributed to the caste system by ensuring that social groups remained closed and discrete. By restricting marriage to members within the same caste, the system prevented social mobility and maintained the hierarchy between castes. Ambedkar argued that this practice was designed to keep wealth, property, and privileges concentrated within the higher castes while systematically marginalizing lower castes, often referred to as “untouchables” in historical texts. The restriction of marital alliances preserved not only the material interests of the dominant castes but also their ritual status and social prestige, which were closely linked to notions of purity and pollution. Ambedkar highlighted that endogamy was reinforced through religious and cultural ______ ______ ____ _______ ______ ________ __________ __________ ________ ____.
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