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Disease surveillance in India is a cornerstone of pandemic preparedness and response, aimed at the early detection, monitoring, and control of infectious diseases. Surveillance activities involve the systematic collection, analysis, interpretation, and dissemination of health-related data to guide timely public health interventions. India has significantly strengthened its surveillance systems over the years, especially after experiences with outbreaks such as SARS, H1N1 influenza, Nipah virus, COVID-19, and recurring vector-borne diseases. The Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme (IDSP), launched by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare in 2004, serves as the primary disease surveillance system in India. It collects weekly data on epidemic-prone diseases from health institutions across districts and states. The programme follows syndromic, _____ ________ _____ ________ _______ _________ _____ _________ ___ ____ _____ _________.
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