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The bonding in metal carbonyls is best explained by the synergic bonding model, in which both σ-donation from carbon monoxide (CO) to the metal and π-back donation from the metal to CO occur simultaneously. These two interactions reinforce each other and produce a strong metal–carbon bond. This type of bonding is characteristic of complexes such as Ni(CO)₄, Fe(CO)₅ and Cr(CO)₆. Carbon monoxide is a neutral ligand having a carbon atom with a lone pair of electrons. The highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of CO is largely concentrated on the ________ __________ __________ _________ _________ ____ _______ _____ _______ _____ _________ ____.
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