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Image transformation techniques play a crucial role in remote sensing and digital image processing by converting original image data into new forms that enhance information content, improve visual interpretation, or prepare data for further analysis. These techniques mathematically manipulate pixel values, often combining information from multiple spectral bands, to highlight specific surface features or suppress unwanted effects such as noise and redundancy. One of the most widely used image transformation techniques is band ratioing. In this method, pixel values of one spectral band are divided by corresponding pixel ___ ________ ________ _______ __________ ______ _____ _________.
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