Give a short account of the essential elements occurring in biological systems.

Biological systems are incredibly complex and diverse, encompassing a wide range of living organisms from single-celled bacteria to complex multicellular organisms like plants, animals, and humans. These systems exhibit several essential elements that are fundamental to their functioning:

1. Cells: Cells are the basic structural and functional units of life. They can be prokaryotic (lacking a distinct nucleus) or eukaryotic (containing a defined nucleus). Cells carry out various functions such as metabolism, growth, reproduction, and responding to stimuli.

2. DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid): DNA is the genetic material that carries the hereditary information of an organism. It contains the instructions for building and maintaining the organism, and it is passed on from one generation to the next through processes like replication and meiosis.

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