Give a detailed account of the process of urbanization in the Bronze Age civilizations.

The urban culture of the Bronze Age found in Harappa was a marvelous discovery that pushed back the history of India. The Harappan people produced a host of crops and were the earliest to produce cotton. Craft specialization and trade with distant parts of Asia is also indicative of an urban culture. Civilization is characterized by the density of population, association between economic and social processes, trade and commerce etc.

From excavations it is clear that Harappan cities were planned in such a way that they could serve the social and economic requirements of their inhabitants. The mature phase represents the urbanization of Harappan civilization. Urban Revolution as many call it, is associated with socio-cultural unity, economic organization and a central authority. The architecture of the Harappan city, the drainage system, lay out of the streets, citadels etc point towards a strong authority. Another feature of Harappan urbanization was the elaborate craft specialization and the contacts with other parts of Asia. This is known as the first urbanization in India.

Town Planning: Harappa, Mohenjodaro, Kalibangan and Dholavira were probably the cardinal areas of the Indus Civilization. The rectangular grid pattern with roads cutting at right angles is commonly followed in all the cities of Indus. The elaborate town planning is evident of the Harappan urbanization. The citadel or acropolis found at Harappa and Mohenjo-daro was possibly occupied by members of the ruling class, below which was a lower town occupied by common people. The monuments of indicated the ability of the ruling class to pull together labor and collect taxes. The advanced and well laid out drainage system is very impressive. Every house _________ ________ _______ ________ _____ __________ _______ ______.
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