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Fungi are a major source of antibiotics and bioactive compounds used in medicine. Antibiotics are secondary metabolites produced by fungi that inhibit the growth of or kill other microorganisms, mainly bacteria. One of the earliest and most significant discoveries was penicillin, produced by *Penicillium notatum*, which revolutionized the treatment of bacterial infections by targeting cell wall synthesis. Cephalosporins, derived from *Acremonium* species, ____ _______ ________ ______ _________ ___ ______ ___ _____ ____.
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