Explain various methods of 'on-the-job training' with suitable examples.

On-the-job training (OJT) is a crucial method in Human Resource Development (HRD) where employees acquire skills and knowledge while performing their actual job tasks. This type of training is highly practical, cost-effective, and directly applicable to the employee’s role. It helps employees develop competencies in real work settings, making learning more effective. Various methods of on-the-job training are used depending on the nature of the job, the complexity of skills required, and the level of expertise of the employee. The following are some of the major methods of on-the-job training with suitable examples.  

### 1. Coaching  
Coaching is a method where a senior employee or a supervisor provides guidance and feedback to a less experienced employee. The coach helps the trainee understand job responsibilities, improve performance, and develop new skills. Coaching is often informal and continuous, allowing employees to learn at their own pace while receiving support from an expert.  

Example: In a sales company, a senior salesperson may coach a new recruit by accompanying them on client visits, providing real-time feedback on communication skills, negotiation tactics, and customer handling techniques.  

### 2. Mentoring  
Mentoring is a long-term, structured training method where an experienced professional (mentor) guides a junior employee (mentee) in career development, skill enhancement, and professional growth. Unlike coaching, which is job-specific, mentoring focuses on overall career and personal development.  

Example: In an IT company, a senior software developer may mentor a junior programmer by helping them understand coding best practices, industry trends, and career advancement opportunities.  

### 3. Job Rotation  
Job rotation involves moving employees between different roles or departments to expose them to various aspects of the business. It helps employees gain a broader understanding of the organization, improve adaptability, and develop multiple skills.  

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