Word Count : 689

---

Two-Phase Locking (2PL) is a concurrency-control protocol used in Database Management Systems to ensure that multiple transactions can execute simultaneously without producing inconsistent or incorrect results. It controls concurrent access to shared data items by using locks. A transaction must obtain an appropriate lock before reading or writing a data item. The two main types of locks are shared lock (S-lock), which permits reading, and exclusive lock (X-lock), which is required for writing. The 2PL protocol divides the execution of a transaction into two phases: the growing phase and the shrinking phase. During the growing phase, a transaction can acquire new locks but cannot release any lock. During the shrinking phase, it can release locks but cannot acquire any new lock. This rule ensures that transactions follow a controlled ordering of conflicting operations and provides conflict serializability. For example, suppose two transactions, T1 and T2, access the same analytical data item X. T1 wants to increase X by 50, while T2 wants to increase X by 20 percent. Before T1 reads X, ____ ________ ______ ____ __________ _________ _______ _______ __________ __________ __________.
_______ __________ ___ ______ ________ ___ _______ _________.
__________ ___ ______ _____ _____ _____.
____ ________ _________ _________ _________.
_________ _______ ___ _____ __________ ___.
________ ________ ___ _____ __________ ______.
_________ __________ _____ _________ ___ ___.
_________ _____ ________ _______ ______ ___ _____ __________ ______ _____ ________.
____ _______ ________ _________ _________ _____ ___ ______ __________ _________ _____ ____.
__________ ___ _____ ___ ______ _________ _______.
_________ _______ ___ ______ _________.
_____ ___ _____ _________ _______ ______ _______ _____.
____ ___ __________ ________ ________ _________ ____ ___ ___.
________ ____ __________ ________ ______ _______ ______ _________.
_________ _________ ____ __________ ______ _________ ________ __________ _____ ___ _____ __________.
_________ _____ ____ _________ ____ _______ _________ ________.
__________ _______ ___ ________ _________ _________ ____ __________.
______ __________ _____ _______ ______ _______ __________ ________ ____ _____ ________.
_______ _______ ______ ___ _______ _______ ________ _________ ___ ____ ______.
_________ __________ _________ ________ ___ _______ ________ _____ __________.
_________ _____ _________ ________ __________ _______ ___ _______.
_____ ____ _____ _____ ____.
_____ _________ _____ ___ ___ _____.
_______ ___ ______ __________ ________ __________ __________ __________.
________ _________ ______ ____ ______ ______.
_________ ___ ___ ____ __________.
_____ _____ ____ ______ _______ _______ ______ ________ _______ ______ _____ ___.
_____ ______ _______ __________ ___.
__________ __________ _______ __________ ________ _______ _________ __________ _____.
___ ______ ________ ______ __________ _______ __________ ___ __________ __________ _____.
________ _____ _______ ________ ___.
__________ _____ ___ ____ _____ ____.
________ __________ ____ _________ ______ _______ _______ _________ ____ _______ ______ ________.
_____ ___ _______ ___ _____ _______ __________.
___ _________ ______ _____ ___.
______ ________ ______ ___ ________ _____.
______ ______ ___ _________ __________ ______ ___ ________ ____ _________ __________ _____.
__________ _________ ____ ___ ___ ________ ________ __________ ______ ___ ___ _____.
_________ ________ _______ ______ ___ _________ _______ _____ _________ ______ _________.
____ ____ _____ __________ ___ ____ ____ ___ _____ ____ ____.
____ _________ ________ ________ __________ _________ ________ ________ _________ ____ _______.
__________ ____ ________ __________ _________ ______ ____ _____ _________ ___ __________ __________.
________ _______ _____ ________ __________ ___.
________ _______ __________ _______ ______ ___ _____ ___ __________.
_______ ____ _______ ________ ________ _______ ____ ________ ________ ___ _____.
______ ______ ________ _______ __________ ___ _______ ______ ______ ________ __________.
_______ _________ ____ __________ _______ ___ _____ _____ _____ _________ ________.
_______ ________ ___ ___ ____ ____ ______ _____ ______ ________ ________ ______.
____ ______ ________ _______ __________ ________.
_____ __________ ___ _____ ________.
____ _____ _________ _________ ________ _______ ______ _______ ___ _______ _____ ________.
_______ _____ ___ ____ ________ ________ ________ _________.
______ _____ _______ ____ _______ __________ _____ _______ __________ ___ _______.
_____ _________ ___ ____ _________ _________.
________ ________ __________ ____ ____ _________ ___ _______ ______ _____ ___.
___ ______ ____ ______ _______ __________ ______ _______ _________ _____ ____ _________.
________ _____ ________ _________ ___ _______.
______ _______ ______ __________ __________ _______ ____ ____ __________ _______ _______ ________.
__________ ___ ______ _____ ______ _____ _________.
________ ___ _____ ________ __________ __________.
____ __________ _____.
Get Full Answer on WhatsApp