Explain the three light-matter interactions with the help of atomic level diagrams. Write the corresponding Einstein’s equations.

Light-matter interactions elucidate the fundamental ways in which light interacts with matter, paving the way for understanding various phenomena in optics and quantum mechanics. These interactions are crucial for comprehending processes like absorption, emission, and scattering of light. Let's delve into each interaction with the aid of atomic level diagrams and corresponding Einstein's equations.

1. Absorption:
Absorption occurs when a photon of light transfers its energy to an atom, causing an electron within the atom to transition from a lower energy state to a higher one. This _______ ___ _____ _____ _____ ____ ______ ____ ___.
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