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The theory of endosymbiosis, first popularized by Lynn Margulis in the 1960s, proposes that certain organelles within eukaryotic cells, particularly mitochondria and chloroplasts, originated from free-living prokaryotic organisms that were engulfed by ancestral eukaryotic cells. According to this theory, rather than being digested, these prokaryotes established a symbiotic relationship with the host cell, eventually evolving into organelles essential for cellular metabolism and energy production. This process is a cornerstone in understanding the evolution of eukaryotic cells and the diversification of life forms. Primary endosymbiosis refers to the initial event in which a eukaryotic ancestor engulfed a free-living prokaryote, specifically an alpha-proteobacterium in the case of mitochondria and a cyanobacterium in the case of chloroplasts. __________ _____ ________ _____ ______ ___ _________.
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