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Narrative therapy is a collaborative and respectful counseling approach developed by Michael White and David Epston. It is based on the idea that people interpret their lives through stories they construct from their experiences. These stories shape their identity, beliefs, emotions, and behaviors. Problems arise when individuals become dominated by negative or problem-saturated stories that limit their ability to recognize strengths, achievements, and alternative possibilities. Narrative therapy helps clients separate themselves from their problems, discover forgotten strengths, and rewrite their life stories in ways that promote resilience, hope, and personal growth. In counseling and guidance, this approach is widely used with individuals, couples, families, children, and groups because it empowers clients rather than labeling or blaming them. One of the primary techniques of narrative therapy is externalization. In this technique, the counselor encourages clients to view the problem as separate from themselves. Instead of saying, "I am anxious," the client is guided to say, "Anxiety is influencing my life." This separation reduces self-blame ____ _____ __________ _________ _________ _______ _________.
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