Explain the systems of Shadarshan

The Shadarshanas, also known as the six orthodox schools of Hindu philosophy, are foundational in understanding the diverse perspectives and interpretations within Indian philosophical thought. Each of these schools presents unique viewpoints on metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, and other fundamental aspects of life. Originating from ancient India, these schools have played a significant role in shaping Indian intellectual discourse and continue to influence philosophical discussions to this day.

1. Nyaya: Nyaya, attributed to the sage Gautama, focuses on logic and reasoning (tarka). It is concerned with developing methods for acquiring valid knowledge (pramana) and establishing a coherent system of argumentation. Nyaya categorizes valid sources of knowledge into four main types: perception (pratyaksha), inference (anumana), comparison (upamana), and testimony (shabda). It also emphasizes the importance of rigorous debate and ______ _________ __________ ____ _________ ___.
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