Explain the provisions of Environmental Protection Act 1986 and EIA Notification 2006.

The Environmental Protection Act, 1986, and the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Notification of 2006 are two significant legal frameworks in India aimed at safeguarding the environment from the adverse effects of industrial and developmental activities. These instruments work in synergy to ensure that development takes place in an environmentally sustainable manner. While the Environmental Protection Act provides the overarching legal authority to protect and improve the environment, the EIA Notification lays down the procedural requirements for assessing environmental impacts before initiating a project.

The Environmental Protection Act, 1986, was enacted in the aftermath of the Bhopal Gas Tragedy and is considered an umbrella legislation providing a framework for the coordination of central and state authorities in matters concerning environmental protection. It empowers the central government to take all such measures deemed necessary for protecting and improving the quality of the environment and preventing, controlling, and abating environmental pollution.

Under this Act, the central government is authorized to make rules on various environmental aspects, such as setting standards for emissions and discharges of pollutants into the environment, handling of hazardous substances, and management of environmental emergencies. Section 3 of the Act grants the central government broad powers to take measures necessary for environmental protection. This includes planning and executing a nationwide program for the prevention and control of pollution, laying down standards for environmental quality and emission or discharge of pollutants, coordinating the actions of state governments, and establishing environmental laboratories.

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