Explain the principles that govern the liability for joint or group crime with the help of case law.

Liability for joint or group crime arises when two or more individuals engage in the commission of a criminal act together. The law recognizes that when multiple persons act in concert to commit a crime, they share responsibility for the criminal conduct. The principles governing such liability are based on the doctrines of joint criminal enterprise, conspiracy, and common purpose. These principles, as laid down in case law, help to determine the extent of an individual's liability in a group crime situation.

One key principle is the doctrine of common purpose. According to this principle, when two or more people share a common intention to commit a crime, each participant can be held liable for the criminal actions of the others, even if they did not directly participate in the actual commission of the criminal act. This principle is rooted in the idea that all participants in a joint venture or group crime are equally responsible for its consequences, __________ ___ __________ __________ ________ ___ __________ ___ __________ ____ _____ ________.
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