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Memory is a fundamental cognitive process that enables individuals to encode, store, and retrieve information. Psychologists have proposed several models of memory to explain how information is processed, retained, and recalled. These models differ in their emphasis on the structure, functioning, and interaction of different memory systems, but together they provide a comprehensive understanding of human memory. One of the earliest and most influential models is the Atkinson and Shiffrin Multi-Store Model (1968). This model proposes that memory consists of three separate stores: sensory memory, short-term memory (STM), and long-term memory (LTM). Sensory memory is the first stage where information from the environment is briefly registered through the senses. Visual information is stored in iconic memory for about half a second, while auditory information is stored in echoic memory for a few seconds. Information that receives attention moves into short-term memory. Short-term memory has a limited capacity of about seven (plus or minus ________ ________ ____ __________ ______ _____ ______ ______ _________ ______.
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