Explain the meaning of crowding. Discuss the various theoretical models of crowding.

A crowd is defined as follows in the various dictionaries and they all have certain common thread of definitions of crowd and crowding running through them which are stated below:

• A large number of persons gathered together; a throng.
• The common people; the populace.
• A group of people united by a common characteristic, as age, interest,
• or vocation: the over-30 crowd.
• A group of people attending a public function; an audience: Theplay drew a small but appreciative crowd.
• A large number of things positioned or considered together.

The most influential theories focus on how we interpret crowding, the social overload that crowding causes, and our sense of losing control of
a crowd situation.

1) Stimulus Overload Model

This model proposes high density as a stressor because it provides excessive stimulation to individual.  ccording to stimulus overload model,  crowding occurs when the amount of privacy desired by a person is greater than the actual amount of privacy allowed. Crowding leads to  confusion at cognitive level, fatigue at physical level and witLdrawa1 at the behavioural level. Cohen  formulated a model of environmental stress,  which states stressors reduce the amount of attention available to other tasks, thus only few cues are attended, while others are forced to ignore. However, density is a particular ______ ________ _________ ________ _____ _________ _________ __________ ___ ______.
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