Explain the meaning and methods of irrigation.

Irrigation refers to the artificial application of water to soil or land to assist in the growing of crops. It is an essential practice in agriculture, especially in areas where rainfall is insufficient, erratic, or seasonal. By providing a consistent water supply, irrigation helps in ensuring better crop yields, reducing the impact of droughts, and enabling multiple cropping cycles in a year. The primary goal of irrigation is to supplement the natural water supply to crops, making sure they receive the necessary moisture to grow effectively.

The methods of irrigation can be broadly classified into several categories based on the method of water delivery and the amount of water used. These methods include traditional, modern, and advanced systems, each having its advantages and limitations.

### 1. Surface Irrigation
Surface irrigation is one of the oldest and most commonly used methods. In this system, water is distributed over the soil surface by gravity. The water moves across the land through furrows, channels, or basins, depending on the crop being cultivated. There are different subtypes of surface irrigation, such as:
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