Explain the major ideas of enlightenment thinkers in 18th century. 

The Enlightenment, a transformative intellectual movement that flourished in Europe during the 18th century, fundamentally reshaped Western thought. Its core ideas emerged from the desire to apply reason, empirical evidence, and critical thinking to all aspects of human life, including politics, science, and society. The major Enlightenment thinkers, often referred to as philosophes, contributed profoundly to these shifts. Their ideas laid the groundwork for modern democratic societies and scientific inquiry.

1. Rationalism and Empiricism

Central to Enlightenment thought was the belief in reason and empirical evidence as the primary sources of knowledge. Rationalism, championed by thinkers like René Descartes, posited that reason alone could lead to certain truths, while empiricism, promoted by John Locke and David Hume, argued that knowledge comes from sensory experience. These ______ ______ ______ ______ _______ ___ _____ ______ ________ ______.
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