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The 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992 marked a historic step in democratic decentralization by reserving not less than one-third of seats for women in Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs). Many states have further increased this reservation to 50 percent, resulting in millions of women entering local governance. Despite this remarkable achievement, elected women representatives (EWRs) continue to face numerous challenges and obstacles that limit their effective participation and leadership. One of the most significant challenges is patriarchal social norms. In many rural communities, traditional beliefs consider politics to be a male domain. Women representatives often encounter resistance from family members, village elders, and male colleagues who question their leadership abilities. This societal mindset discourages independent decision-making and restricts women's active participation in governance. The phenomenon of the "proxy representative" or "Sarpanch ______ ________ ________ _____ ____ _______ ____ _____ ______ _________ ______.
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