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Agriculture is closely linked with atmospheric conditions, and changes in the composition of the atmosphere such as ozone layer depletion and rising carbon dioxide levels significantly influence crop production, soil health, and overall agro-ecosystems. These changes operate through complex biological and climatic processes that affect plant growth, productivity, and sustainability. Ozone layer depletion refers to the thinning of the stratospheric ozone layer, which normally protects the Earth from harmful ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation. Increased UV-B radiation reaching the Earth’s surface can adversely affect agricultural crops. Excessive UV-B exposure damages plant tissues, reduces leaf area, and impairs photosynthesis by affecting chlorophyll content and photosynthetic enzymes. Sensitive crops such as soybean, wheat, rice, and maize may show reduced growth, lower biomass accumulation, and diminished yields under high UV-B conditions. UV-B radiation can _________ ___ ______ ______ _______ _________ ____ ______.
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