Explain the history of planning in India.

The history of planning in India is a complex narrative that reflects the country's socio-economic transformations, cultural evolution, and political dynamics. Planning in India began in earnest during the colonial period, although its conceptual roots can be traced back to ancient civilizations that practiced rudimentary forms of planning in their settlements.

During the pre-colonial era, various kingdoms in India had their own systems of governance and resource management. Urban planning can be seen in cities like Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa, where well-defined streets and drainage systems indicated advanced planning. However, with the onset of British colonial rule in the 18th century, the focus shifted towards extraction and exploitation of resources rather than sustainable development.

The formal beginnings of modern planning in India emerged in the early 20th century. The Royal Commission on Agriculture (1928) recognized the need for agricultural ___ ___ ___ _________ __________ ________ ________ _________ ___ ____.
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