Explain the general principles of management as proposed by different thinkers

According, fourteen management principles have been provided as guidelines to the thinking of managers in order to resolve and concrete problems.  Fayol developed a set of principles which can be applied to all types of organizations irrespective of their settings.  However, Fayol admitted that all these principles may not have universal application or would have permanent character.  Fayol out lined these principles as follows:

1.Division of work

Division of work leads to specialization which increases the efficiency of individual employees.  According to Fayol, is to develop the personnel capable of carrying out the six activities already described.  For this, they need specialized skills and expertise.  Subdivision makes each task simpler and results in greater efficiency.  By repeating a small part of work the individual acquires speed and accuracy in its performance.

This process is applicable to both technical as well as managerial work.  Fayol stressed the fact that every organization, big or small, should place its employees according to the talents and experience of each individual.

2.Authority and Responsibility:

Authority refers to the right of a superior to give orders to subordinates, take decision on specified matters, use resources of the organization, guide and regulate the behavior of subordinates. Fayol defined authority as “the right to give orders and power to extract obedience”.  He distinguished between two types of authority: Official authority and Personal authority.  Official authority is legally given to a person, while personal authority is acquired through one’s ability, knowledge, experience and intellect.  In the opinion of Fayol authority must commensurate with responsibility, hence steps must be taken to induce people to accept responsibility.  This can be made possible by entrusting responsibilities to all the people who exercise authority at various levels in an organization.

3.Discipline:

Discipline in the context of management means obedience, proper conduct in relations to others, and complying with the rules and regulations of the organization.  Fayol observed that discipline is a prerequisite for proper exercise of authority.  According to Fayol discipline has two dimensions.  Firstly, obey orders only when the management provides good leadership.  Second, discipline would become one-sided affair if it is imposed upon the subordinates form above.

4.Unite of Command:

This principle states that, a subordinate should receive orders and be accountable to the superior only.  No employee, therefore, should receive instructions from more than one person.

Fayol’s principle of unity of command contradicts Taylor’s principle of functional authority.  Fayol did not favour a system of dual command which in his view, was likely to result into confusion in authority channels and ambiguity in responsibility pattern.

5.Unity of Direction:

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