Explain the following with suitable examples 

a. Chemical equilibrium & Dynamic equilibrium 

b. Aromatic hydrocarbons as environmental pollutants 

c. Biochemical effects of Arsenic & Mercury 

d. Mechanism of adsorption

A)

Chemical equilibrium and dynamic equilibrium are two important concepts in chemistry. These terms describe the state of a chemical reaction and how it can be affected by various factors. In this answer, we will explore these two concepts and provide suitable examples.

Chemical Equilibrium: Chemical equilibrium is a state where the rate of the forward reaction is equal to the rate of the reverse reaction. This means that the concentration of reactants and products in the reaction mixture remains constant over time. The equilibrium is dynamic because although the concentrations of the reactants and products do not change, the forward and reverse reactions are still taking place.

A classic example of chemical equilibrium is the Haber process, which is used to produce ammonia. In this reaction, nitrogen and hydrogen gases are reacted in the presence of a catalyst at high temperature and pressure. The reaction is given as follows:

N2(g) + 3H2(g) ↔ 2NH3(g)

At the start of the reaction, only nitrogen and hydrogen are present, so the reaction proceeds in the forward direction. As the reaction progresses, the concentration of ammonia increases, and the concentration of nitrogen and hydrogen decreases. Eventually, the forward reaction slows down, and the reverse reaction starts to take place. This continues until the concentrations of all three species are constant, and the reaction is said to have reached chemical equilibrium.

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