Explain the file system of UNIX operating system.

Unix file system is a logical method of organizing and storing large amounts of information in a way that makes it easy to manage. A file is a smallest unit in which the information is stored. Unix file system has several important features. All data in Unix is organized into files. All files are organized into directories. These directories are organized into a tree-like structure called the file system.

Files in Unix System are organized into multi-level hierarchy structure known as a directory tree. At the very top of the file system is a directory called “root” which is represented by a “/”. All other files are “descendants” of root.

Directories or Files and their description –

/ : The slash / character alone denotes the root of the filesystem tree.

/bin : Stands for “binaries” and contains certain fundamental utilities, such as ls or cp, which are generally needed by all users.

/boot : Contains all the files that are required for successful booting process.

/dev : Stands for “devices”. Contains file representations of peripheral devices and pseudo-devices.

/etc : Contains system-wide configuration files and system databases. Originally also contained “dangerous maintenance utilities” such as init,but these have typically been moved to /sbin or elsewhere.

/home : Contains the home directories for the users.

/lib : Contains system libraries, and some critical files such as kernel modules or device drivers.

/media : Default mount point for removable devices, such as USB sticks, media players, etc.

/mnt : Stands for “mount”. Contains filesystem mount points. These are used, for example, if the system uses multiple hard disks or hard disk partitions. _______ ___ ________ __________ ______ ______ ________ _______ ___.
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