Explain the factors influencing fertility

Fertility refers to the natural capacity of an individual or a population to reproduce. It is a critical demographic indicator that plays a significant role in shaping the growth and structure of societies. Understanding the factors that influence fertility is essential for policymakers, researchers, and healthcare professionals to design effective strategies and policies related to population dynamics and reproductive health. This essay will explore various factors that influence fertility, including biological, socio-economic, cultural, and environmental determinants.

1. Biological Factors

Biological factors are at the core of fertility. Reproductive biology and physiology significantly impact a person's ability to conceive and reproduce. Some key biological factors include:

a) Age: A woman's age is one of the most critical factors influencing fertility. Female fertility declines with age, with a notable decrease in the ability to conceive after the age of 35. As women age, their ovarian ______ __________ _________ ___ _____ __________ ___ __________.
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