Explain the factors affecting metamorphism, in detail.

Metamorphism refers to the process by which pre-existing rocks (protoliths) undergo mineralogical, textural, and structural changes due to variations in physical and chemical conditions, particularly temperature, pressure, and chemical environment, without undergoing melting. Several factors affect the process of metamorphism:

1. Temperature: 
   Temperature is one of the most critical factors influencing metamorphism. As temperature increases, chemical reactions accelerate, promoting recrystallization of minerals and formation of new mineral assemblages. The sources of heat include geothermal gradient, magmatic intrusions, and frictional heat along fault zones. Low-grade metamorphism occurs at temperatures between approximately 200°C to 400°C, while high-grade metamorphism exceeds 600°C. Temperature influences mineral stability, growth rate, and texture of the resulting metamorphic rock.

2. Pressure: 
   Pressure during metamorphism is generally of two types: lithostatic (confining) pressure and differential (directed) pressure. 
   - Lithostatic pressure results from the weight of overlying rocks and acts equally in all directions. It ___ __________ ___ _______ _____.
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