Explain the contribution of following scientists in the field of microbiology:

(1) Louis Pasteur

(ii) Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

(iii) Robert Koch

Louis Pasteur:  
Louis Pasteur made groundbreaking contributions to the field of microbiology, particularly in understanding the role of microorganisms in fermentation, disease, and immunity. He is credited with disproving the theory of spontaneous generation, proving that microorganisms are responsible for fermentation and putrefaction. Pasteur developed the process of pasteurization, which involves heating liquids to kill harmful microorganisms without altering the quality of the liquid. He also contributed to the development of vaccines, most notably ________ __________ __________ __________ ___.
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