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Scientific research is a systematic, objective, logical, and empirical process of investigating a problem, question, or phenomenon in order to generate new knowledge, verify existing knowledge, and establish relationships between different facts or variables. In anthropology, scientific research is concerned with the systematic study of human beings, their biological characteristics, cultures, societies, behaviour, institutions, beliefs, and their relationships with the environment. Although anthropology studies complex human behaviour and cultural meanings, its research can be scientific when it follows organized procedures of observation, data collection, analysis, interpretation, and verification. The concept of scientific research is based on the idea that knowledge should not depend merely on personal opinions, assumptions, traditions, or speculation. Instead, it should be supported by systematically collected evidence. Scientific research begins with the identification of a research problem. The researcher formulates questions about the problem, reviews existing knowledge, develops suitable objectives or hypotheses, selects appropriate methods, collects relevant data, analyses the evidence, and interprets the findings. The conclusions drawn from the evidence should be open to examination and verification by other researchers. In Research Methods in Anthropology-I, scientific research is particularly important because anthropologists investigate both observable and less directly observable aspects of human life. Human behaviour is influenced by culture, social organization, history, economy, ecology, and individual experiences. Therefore, anthropological research requires methodological discipline so that the researcher can distinguish between personal impressions and ______ _______ ________ ___ ___ _________ ____ __________ ________ _____ ________.
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