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# Scientific Research and Its Fundamentals Scientific research is a systematic, objective, logical and organized process of acquiring knowledge through observation, investigation, analysis and interpretation. In anthropology, scientific research is used to understand human beings, their biological characteristics, social institutions, cultural practices, behaviour, relationships and interactions with the environment. Although anthropology studies complex human societies and cultures, its research follows scientific principles so that findings are based on evidence rather than personal assumptions, prejudices or beliefs. Scientific research therefore provides a disciplined method for understanding social, cultural and biological realities. The concept of scientific research is closely associated with the systematic search for reliable knowledge. The term “scientific” does not mean that research must always be conducted in a laboratory. Rather, it means that the researcher follows a planned procedure, collects empirical evidence, applies appropriate methods, examines the evidence critically and reaches conclusions that can be supported by the data. Anthropologists may conduct research in villages, urban communities, tribal societies, archaeological sites, laboratories, hospitals or other field settings. Wherever the research is conducted, the basic principles of scientific inquiry remain important. Scientific research generally begins with the identification of a research problem. A researcher observes a phenomenon, identifies a question or recognizes a gap in existing knowledge. For example, an anthropologist may investigate changes in traditional marriage practices due to urbanization. The research problem should be clear, specific, researchable and relevant. A properly formulated problem provides direction to _________ _____ __________ _________ _________ _____ ____ ______ ____ ____.
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