Explain the concept of employee engagement and describe the ways in which employee engagement can be promoted.

Employee engagement is a fundamental concept in the effort to understand and describe, both qualitatively and quantitatively, the nature of the relationship between an organization and its employees. An "engaged employee" is defined as one who is fully absorbed by and enthusiastic about their work and so takes positive action to further the organization's reputation and interests. An engaged employee has a positive attitude towards the organization and its values. In contrast, a disengaged employee may range from someone doing the bare minimum at work (aka 'coasting'), up to an employee who is actively damaging the company's work output and reputation.

An organization with "high" employee engagement might therefore be expected to outperform those with "low" employee engagement.

Employee engagement first appeared as a concept in management theory in the 1990s, becoming widespread in management practice in the 2000s, but it remains contested. It stands in an unspecified relationship to earlier constructs such as morale and job satisfaction. Despite academic critiques, employee engagement practices are well established in the management of human resources and of internal communications.

Employee engagement today has become synonymous with terms like 'employee experience' and 'employee satisfaction'. The relevance is much more due to the vast majority of new generation professionals in the workforce who have a higher propensity to be 'distracted' and 'disengaged' at work. A recent survey by StaffConnect suggests that an overwhelming number of enterprise organizations today (74.24%) were planning to improve employee experience in 2018.

William Kahn provided the first formal definition of personnel engagement as "the harnessing of organisation members' selves to their work roles; in engagement, people employ and express themselves physically, cognitively, and emotionally during role performances."

In 1993, Schmidt et al. proposed a bridge between the pre-existing concept of 'job satisfaction' and employee engagement with the definition: "an employee's involvement with, commitment to, and satisfaction with work. Employee engagement is a part of employee retention." This definition integrates the classic constructs of job satisfaction (Smith et al., 1969), and organizational commitment (Meyer & Allen, 1991).

Defining employee engagement remains problematic. In their review of the literature in 2011, Wollard and Shuck identify four main sub-concepts within the term:

• "Needs satisfying" approach, in which engagement is the expression of one's preferred self in task behaviours.
• "Burnout antithesis" approach, in which energy, involvement, efficacy are presented as the opposites of established "burnout" constructs: exhaustion, cynicism and lack of accomplishment.
• Satisfaction-engagement approach, in which engagement is a more technical version of job satisfaction, evidenced by The Gallup Company's own Q12 engagement survey which ________ _______ _____ _________ _________.
  ____ _________ ____ _________ ________ ______ _______ _____.
  __________ __________ __________ _____ _____ ________ __________ _____ _____.
  _______ _________ __________ _____ ________ ______ ____ _________.
  _____ ___ __________ _____ ______ _________ ______ __________.
  _________ __________ _____ ________ _________ ____ _______ _______.
  __________ ___ ______ ___ _________ __________ _________ ________ _______ _________.
  ______ _____ ___ ___ _________.
  ____ ________ _________ _________ _________ __________.
  _________ _______ ______ _______ _______ _______ ____ ____ _____ ___ ____.
  ________ ________ ______ ____ ___ __________.
  ____ ______ _____ _______ _________ _____ ________ ___.
  _____ ___ _______ ___ _____ ___ _____ ___ ______ _________.
  __________ ___ ___ _____ ________ ______ ________ ________.
  _______ ____ ___ _____ ___ _______ ___ ___ _________.
  _____ _________ ____ ________ ____ _______.
  ______ ________ ____ ______ _______.
  ____ _________ __________ __________ ____ ________ ________ ___ _____.
  _____ _______ __________ ________ ________ ____.
  ___ ________ _____ __________ _______ __________ _____ ______ ________.
  __________ ____ ______ _________ _____ _________ ________ ____ ____.
  _________ __________ _________ ________ _______ ___ __________ _____ ___ ___.
  ___ ________ _______ __________ ____ ____ __________ ____ _________ __________ _______.
  _________ _________ ________ ____ ______ __________ _______ _________ _________ ________ _______.
  ______ _____ ____ _________ ___ ____ _______.
  ______ _____ _____ ____ ________ _____.
  _________ ______ _____ __________ _______ _________ ___.
  _________ ______ ________ __________ __________ _____.
  _______ _____ _____ _________ _________ _____ _____ ______ ____ _______.
  _____ _____ _________ ______ ________ ___ _______ ________ ______ ___ ________.
  ______ _____ _________ _________ ____ ____ _________ ________ ____ ____ ________ _______.
  ___ ________ ___ _______ ______ ____ _____ _________ _________ __________ ______.
  __________ _______ ______ _____ ____ ____ ____ ______.
  _________ ______ _______ ___ _______ ___ _______ _____ _______ ________ ____.
  ___ ____ _________ ________ ___ _____.
  __________ _______ _____ __________ _____ ___ _____ _______.
  _______ _________ ____ _____ ________ _________ _______ ____ _________ ___ __________.
  __________ __________ _____ ________ _________ ____ _______ ____ _____.
  ________ __________ ________ _____ _____ _______ __________ _________ ______.
  _______ ___ _________ _________ __________ ________ __________ ________ ________ _________.
  ______ ____ _______ _____ _______ _____.
  _____ ___ _________ _______ ___ ____ ___ ____ _____ ______ _______.
  __________ _________ __________ ____ _________ _________ ______ __________ ________ ______.
  ________ ____ ______ __________ _________ _____ ________ __________ ______ _______ ________.
  _____ ________ ________ __________ ___ ____ _____ _________ _____ _____ _________.
  ___ ______ ________ ________ ____ ___ ___ _______.
  _______ __________ _______ _______ ___ _________ _________ _______ ______ ___ ________ ________.
  ________ ____ _____ _____ ___ _____ ___ _________.
  __________ _________ ________ ______ ___ ______.
  _______ ____ __________ _______ ____ ______ ___ _________ _________ ________.
  _________ _______ ________ __________ _________ __________ ________ ___ _____ _______ ________.
  __________ ______ ____ __________ __________ __________ ____ ______ _______ _______ ________.
  _______ ___ _________ ______ _____ ________ ____ ____ ________ ____ ________.
  _____ _________ _____ ______ _________ _________ ______.
  ________ ________ _________ ______ ________.
  ________ _________ ______ _____ __________ ____ _________ ________ _________ _________ ______.
  ____ _________ _________ ____ __________ ________ ___ _________ _________ ___.
  _________ ____ _____ _____ ________ _____ ______ __________.
  ________ _______ ____ ________ ___ ___ ______ ______ _______ ___ _______.
  ____ _______ ___ ___ _________ ____ ____.
  __________ _________ ____ __________ ______ __________ _______.
  _____ __________ _________ _____ _____ ________ ______ _____ __________.
  _________ ___ ______ _________ ________ _____ ______.
  ____ ________ _______ ___ ______ ___ ______ ______.
  ___ ____ ________ ______ _______ ________ _________ __________ ____ ______ ____.
  _____ ___ _______ _______ __________ __________ ________ __________.
  _________ _________ __________ ________ ______ _____ _______ ________ _________ __________ _____ ____.
  _______ _____ ___ _____ ________ __________ _____ _____ ____ ____.
  __________ ___ _____ _______ ________ ____ ______.
  ________ __________ _______ ________ ___ ________ ____ ____ __________ ___ ______.
  ____ ___ __________ ____ _________ __________.
  ______ ___ __________ ___ __________ ___ ________ ______ ___ _______ _________ _____.
  _______ __________ _______ ____ _______ _____ __________ _____ ______ ________.
  __________ ____ ____ ____ _________ __________.
  _____ _________ ________ _________ ___ ____ ___ ___.
  ____ _______ _______ _________ ____ ________ _________ ________ __________ __________ ________.
  __________ _________ _______ _____ _______ _____ _____ ____ _____ ___ ______.
  ________ _______ ________ ________ ___ ____ ________.
  ______ _____ __________ _______ __________ ____ _________ ___ ________ ________.
  ______ ________ ________ _____ ____ _________ _________ _______.
  _________ _________ ________ _______ ___ _________.
  ____ _____ _____ __________ ____.
  ____ ______ ______ ______ ____.
  _________ ______ ____ ___ ___ ___ _________ _____ _________.
  ______ ______ ______ _______ ____ __________ __________ _______ ___ _________.
  ____ _________ _____ _____ __________ _____ ________.
  ___ _________ ________ __________ ____ _____ _________ __________ ________.
  _________ ________ ________ ____ ___ _____ ____ ____ _______ ______ __________.
  ____ _________ _____ _________ _____ ________.
  _____ _____ _______ _________ ____ ______ ____ ____ ______.
  _________ _____ ____ ______ ___ _______ _________ ____ ________ _____ ____ _________.
  _______ ____ ___ ________ _____ __________ _________ ________.
  ______ ______ _______ ____ _____ ______ ________ ________.
  _____ __________ ____ __________ _________ _____ _________ ____ ______ _________.
  ______ ______ ___ ______ __________ _______ ____ _____ ________ _______ ________ ____.
  ___ ________ __________ _______ _______ ___ __________.
  _______ ________ ___ _________ _______ __________ _______ __________ _____ ____.
  __________ _______ ____ ___ ___.
  ____ __________ ___ ________ ________ __________ _______ _______ _________ _________ ______ _________.
  _______ ___ _______ _________ ________ _________ _______.
  ________ _________ ________ _________ _________.
  ______ ____ ________ _________ _______ ___ _________.
  ________ __________ ___ _______ ___ _______ __________ ________.
  _____ _________ ________ _________ ___ _______ ____ ________ ________ ________ _______ ________.
  ____ __________ _______ ___ ___ __________ ___ ____ _______ _________ ______.
  ______ _____ _________ __________ ____ _________ ______ _________ __________.
  ___ ___ _______ ________ _________ ________ ____ ___.
  _______ _________ ______ ________ _______ ________ _______ _______ _________ ________ _______ ______.
  __________ ______ _____ _______ _______ __________ ___ ___ ________ __________ _________ _____.
  ______ _______ __________ ________ ______ ____ ___ _________.
  ______ _________ _________ ______ ________ _____ _______ __________ _______ ______.
  ______ ____ ____ ______ _________ __________ _______ _____ ________ _____.
  _________ ___ ______ ___ ________ _______ ______.
  ____ ____ ______ _________ ______ _______ ____ ______.
  _____ __________ ___ _______ ______.
  _________ ___ ______ ___ _______ _____ _____ _________ ____ ________ ____.
  _____ ________ _______ ___ _________ _______ ____ _____ ____ ____.
  ___ _____ _______ ____ ___ ________ __________ ____ ______ _____ ____ _______.
  ____ ___ ____ __________ __________ ___ _______ _______ _____ ___ _________.
  _____ __________ ___ _______ ____ _____.
  __________ ____ ______ ____ _________ _______ ________ __________ ______ ___ ____ ___.
  _______ ____ _________ _________ _____ ____ ____ _________ ___ ________.
  __________ _______ _________ _______ ________ _____ ______ _____ ______ ___ _______ ______.
  ______ ___ _________ ______ ____ ________ _________ ____ ________ ________ ____ ___.
  ________ _____ _________ __________ ________ ____.
  _______ ________ ________ _______ ___ __________.
  _____ _______ __________ ___ _____ _____ ________ _________ _______.
  ___ ______ _______ ______ _______ ____.
  _________ ___ __________ __________ __________ __________ _________ _______ _________ ____ ________.
  _____ __________ ________ ____ __________ ______ _____ _____.
  _______ ____ _______ _____ __________ _______ ___ ______ ___.
  _____ ____ ______ ______ _______ __________ __________ ___ __________ ______ __________ ____.
  ____ ______ _______ _____ __________ ______ ______.
  ________ ___ _______ ______ ________ _______ ____.
  ____ ______ __________ ______ ___ _______ _____ ___ __________.
  __________ __________ ___ __________ ______ ___ _____.
  ____ ___ ______ ____ _____ _________ ________ __________.
  _______ ______ _______ _______ _______ _________.
  ________ _____ ______ ___ ___ ____ ____.
  _____ __________ ___ ________ ________ ____ ___ _____ _____.
  _____ ________ ___ ________ _______.
  ___ _______ _______ _________ _____ _________ __________ _________ ________ _____.
  ___ _____ _______ _____ ______.
  __________ ______ __________ _____ _____ ________ ________ ____ _____ ____ _____ _______.
  ________ _______ ___ ________ ________ ________ _____ __________ ___.
  _______ _______ ______ _______ ______ __________ ____ ___.
  ____ ___ ____ ______ ____ ____ _____ ______.
  _________ ____ _________ _______ ___.
  _____ ___ __________ _____ _____ ____.
  __________ __________ ______ ___ _____ ____ ___ _____ __________ __________.
  ________ _____ _____ ________ _________ _______ _______.
  ____ _________ __________ _________ ________ _____ _____ _______ ________ _______ _________ _____.
  _______ ______ ____ _______ _______ __________ __________.
  ___ _________ ________ ____ _________ ____ ___ ___.
  _________ _________ __________ ________ ________ _______ ____ ___ ___ __________ _____ _____.
  _________ ___ __________ ___ ____.
  ___ ___ _______ ________ __________ ______ __________ ___ ____ ________ ____ ________.
  _________ _____ __________ _________ __________ _______ _______.
  _______ ________ _________ __________ _______ ___ ___.
  ___ __________ ___ _______ ____ _____ _______ _______ _______ __________ ______ ____.
  ______ ____ ________ ___ _______.
  ___ __________ _______ ___ ___.
  ________ ______ ______ ______ __________ _____ ________.
  _________ ____ _________ _______ __________.
  _________ _________ ___ _________ _______ _________ ________ _________ _______.
  ________ _____ _________ ______ _____ ______ _______ ___ ___.
  ________ _________ _________ _______ __________ ____ ______ __________ _________.
  ___ _________ ______ ____ _________ ______ _____ ___ _______ ____ ______.
  ________ ____ _____ ____ ______.
  _________ ______ _____ ___ ___ ____ ___ ___.
  __________ ___ ______ ______ ________ __________ _________ __________ _________ ________.
  ____ _____ _____ ________ ___ ___ ___ _______.
  __________ ________ _____ ___ ___ ______ ______ ______.
  _________ ______ _______ ___ ___ __________ ____ ___ _______ ______ _______ ________.
  _______ ____ _______ _________ _______ _______ ____.
  _____ ______ _________ ________ _____ _________ ______ ________ __________ ________ ________.
  ___ ________ ______ __________ __________ __________ ___.
  ________ _________ _____ _________ ________ ________ ___.
  ______ ___ ________ __________ _______ ____ ___ _______ _________ ________ __________ _____.
  ________ ___ __________ _____ _________ ______ ___ ______.
  _______ ___ ___ _____ ________ ______.
  _______ ___ _____ ______ _________.
  ______ ___ ____ __________ _______ ____ __________ ______ ___ ________.
  ______ __________ ______ _______ __________ ________ _____ __________.
  _________ ______ ________ ________ __________ __________ _____ ________ ________ ______.
  ______ __________ ________ ___ ______ ________ ______ ________ _________ _______.
  __________ _______ ____ ________ ____ _________ _____ ________ ____ ______ ___.
  _________ ______ __________ _______ ________ ___ _________ ________ ________ ________ ____ _______.
  ____ __________ ____ ________ _______ _____ ______ ______ ____.
  _______ __________ ____ _____ _____ ____ _____ ______ _________ ______ _______.
  ____ _________ ______ _________ __________ __________ ________ _______.
  ________ _____ _____ ________ ___ __________ _____ ____ ______ _______ ___.
  ___ _____ ______ _____ _____ ________ ________ ________ _______ ______ ______.
  ____ ______ _________ _________ _________ ______ _________ ________ __________ _____.
  ________ ______ ________ _____ _____ _______ ___ ____ ______ ________.
  _____ _________ ________ _____ ________ _____.
  ____ __________ ______ _________ _________ ___ __________ ____ __________ ___ _______.
  __________ _________ ___ _____ _____ _____ ___.
  ___ _____ _______ ______ _____ ___ ______ _________ __________.
  _____ ___ _________ __________ _________ ______ __________ ________ ________ ____ ________.
  ______ ______ ___ __________ _____ _________ ________ ________.
  _______ _____ _____ _______ __________ ________ ____ _______ _______ ______ ________.
  _________ _____ ___ ___ _______ ___.
  _______ __________ ________ ______ _____ _____ __________ ________ _____.
  ______ _________ _______ ___ ____ ___ ____ ____ ____.
  ___ ____ ________ ________ ________ ___ ___ ________ __________ __________.
  ________ ____ ________ __________ ___ _________ _________ __________ ________ ________.
  ________ __________ ____ ________ _______ ___ _________ _____ _____ _________ ____ ________.
  _______ ________ _________ ______ _____.
  _____ ______ __________ _____ ________ ______ _______ ___ _______ ____ _____ ___.
  ____ _________ ________ ______ _______ ________ __________.
  ____ _______ _________ _______ _____ ___ ____ _____ ________ _______.
  _______ _________ ___ ________ ______ _______ _________ _________ _____.
  __________ _________ ______ _________ _________ _______ _____.
  __________ ___ _____ ________ ___ ________.
  __________ ____ _______ _____ __________ ________.
  ________ ___ ____ ___ _______.
  ________ _______ ___ ____ _____ ___ _____ ________ ______ ________ ______.
  ___ ____ _____ __________ _________ __________ ______ ________ _____ ________.
  ______ _____ ____ _____ ___ _______ ______.
  _______ ___ __________ _________ _________ _________ _____.
  __________ ________ ____ ___ __________ ____ ______ __________ ______ ______.
  ________ _________ _____ ________ __________.
  _____ _____ __________ ____ ___ _________ ____ _________.
  ____ ________ _____ _____ __________ ___ ____ _______ _____ _____ ___ ______.
  ____ ______ ____ ______ _________ __________ ______ ____ ______.
  _________ ______ __________ __________ __________ _________ ___ _____ ____.
  _____ ________ _________ _____ ______ ____ _____.
  __________ _____ _______ ______ _________ ___.
  _______ ________ _____ ________ ______ ________ ___ ____ ___.
  ______ ___ __________ _________ _________ ____ ________.
  _____ _______ ______ ________ _______ __________.
  _______ _____ ____ _______ __________ ____.
  ______ _______ _____ ________ ___ __________ _____ ______ _________.
  Get Full Answer on WhatsApp