Explain the classification of pleural effusion and list its clinical manifestations.

Pleural effusion refers to the abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space, which is the area between the two layers of the pleura surrounding the lungs. It can be classified based on its underlying causes, the nature of the fluid, and its characteristics. 

1. Based on the underlying cause:
   - Transudative Pleural Effusion: This occurs due to systemic factors like heart failure, liver cirrhosis, or nephrotic syndrome, which result in increased hydrostatic pressure or decreased oncotic pressure. The fluid is usually clear, with low protein content.
   - Exudative Pleural Effusion: This is caused by local factors like infections, malignancies, or inflammatory diseases (e.g., pneumonia, tuberculosis). The fluid is rich ____ _____ ___ ______ ______ ___ __________ __________ ___.
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