Explain respiratory distress syndrome in detail

Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) is a significant respiratory condition commonly observed in preterm neonates due to the underdevelopment of the lungs and insufficient surfactant production. It is a leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality, requiring prompt diagnosis and management.

Causes and Risk Factors:

The primary cause of RDS is surfactant deficiency, which leads to alveolar collapse and impaired gas exchange. Surfactant is a lipoprotein substance produced by type II alveolar cells that reduces surface tension within the alveoli, preventing their collapse during exhalation. In premature infants, especially those born before 34 weeks of gestation, surfactant production is inadequate, resulting in respiratory distress.

Several risk factors increase the likelihood of RDS, including:

• Prematurity: Infants born before 34 ___ __________ _____ _____ __________ ______ _____ _______ ___ _______ ______ __________.
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