Explain Nyaya theory of inference.

The Nyaya theory of inference, known as "Anumana" in Sanskrit, is one of the significant contributions of the Nyaya school of Indian philosophy. Nyaya is one of the six classical schools of Hindu philosophy and is primarily concerned with the logical analysis of knowledge and epistemology. Inference, according to Nyaya, is a valid means of acquiring knowledge about the world.

The Nyaya theory of inference is based on a structured process of reasoning that allows one to draw conclusions about unseen or unperceived objects or events based on perceptible evidence or prior knowledge. It involves a logical syllogism, and the Nyaya school has laid down specific rules and conditions for a valid inference.

The Nyaya theory of inference follows a five-step process:

1. Pratijna (Proposition): In this step, the statement or proposition to be proved is introduced. It is usually in the form of "This is that" or "This is such." For example, "This mountain is fiery."

2. Hetu (Reason): The reason or hetu is the middle term that connects the subject (paksha) and _______ ________ _______ _____ ______ _________ _______ _________.
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