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Lotka’s Law is a fundamental principle in informetrics and scientometrics that describes the frequency distribution of scientific productivity among authors. Proposed by Alfred J. Lotka in 1926, the law states that the number of authors making n contributions is approximately 1/n² of those making one contribution. In simple terms, if 100 authors each publish one paper, then about 25 authors will publish two papers, around 11 authors will publish three papers, and so on, following an inverse square relationship. This law highlights the unequal distribution of scientific output, where a small number of authors contribute a large proportion of the total publications, while the majority contribute only a few. Mathematically, Lotka’s Law can be expressed as: An = A1 / n², where An represents the number of authors producing n papers, and A1 represents the number of authors producing one paper. Though the exponent is commonly taken as 2, empirical studies often ______ __________ _____ ___ _______ ___ __________.
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