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Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) is a comprehensive, participatory, and sustainable approach to planning and managing coastal areas. It aims to balance environmental conservation, economic development, and social well-being by integrating policies, institutions, and management practices across different sectors. Coastal zones are dynamic regions where land, sea, and atmosphere interact, supporting rich biodiversity and providing livelihoods through fisheries, tourism, shipping, agriculture, and industries. However, these regions face increasing pressure from population growth, urbanization, pollution, climate change, coastal erosion, and overexploitation of natural resources. ICZM addresses these challenges through coordinated planning and management. The concept of ICZM recognizes that coastal resources are interconnected and cannot be managed effectively through isolated sectoral approaches. It encourages coordination among government agencies, local communities, private organizations, researchers, and non-governmental organizations. This integrated framework ensures that decisions in one sector do not adversely affect another and promotes sustainable use of coastal ecosystems. The major objectives of ICZM include conserving coastal ecosystems, protecting biodiversity, maintaining ecological balance, promoting sustainable economic activities, reducing conflicts among resource users, enhancing resilience to natural disasters, _____ _______ _________ _________ __________ __________.
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