Explain different phases of glycolysis. Write the final equation indicating the net production of ATP.

Glycolysis is a central metabolic pathway that breaks down glucose to extract energy for cellular functions. It occurs in the cytoplasm and consists of ten enzymatically catalyzed steps, divided into two main phases: the energy investment phase and the energy payoff phase.

1. Energy Investment Phase: In the first phase, two ATP molecules are consumed to phosphorylate glucose and its ________ _________ _____ ________ ________ ___ _________ ___ ___ ___ _________ ______.
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