Explain different methods of equipment earthing.

Equipment earthing is a crucial safety measure in electrical systems to prevent electric shocks, equipment damage, and fire hazards. It provides a direct path for fault currents to flow into the earth, thereby minimizing the risk of electrical accidents. Different methods of equipment earthing include:

1. Plate Earthing

Plate earthing involves burying a metal plate, either copper (600 mm × 600 mm × 3.15 mm) or galvanized iron (600 mm × 600 mm × 6 mm), vertically in the ground. The plate is surrounded by charcoal and salt to improve conductivity. A wire connects the plate to the electrical equipment, allowing fault currents to dissipate into the earth. This method is commonly used for large installations such as transformers, generators, and substations.

2. Rod Earthing

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