Examine the Western Thinkers’ influences on Gandhi’s philosophy.

Mahatma Gandhi's philosophy, often referred to as Gandhian thought, was shaped by a wide range of intellectual influences, including several Western thinkers. Gandhi, although deeply rooted in the Indian tradition and influenced by various Indian spiritual and philosophical schools, was also receptive to ideas from Western philosophers, which he integrated into his worldview. Among the Western thinkers who left a significant mark on Gandhi’s philosophy are Leo Tolstoy, Henry David Thoreau, John Ruskin, and the ideas of Western modernity, particularly in relation to social, political, and ethical issues.

One of the most profound Western influences on Gandhi was the Russian writer and moral philosopher Leo Tolstoy. Gandhi’s deep admiration for Tolstoy began in his early years, and Tolstoy’s ideas on nonviolent resistance and ethical living ____ _________ ______ __________ ________ _________ ___ ______ _________.
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