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Religion has been one of the most influential institutions shaping the social structure and processes of social change in contemporary India. It continues to influence values, norms, identities, political participation, economic behavior, education, gender relations, and community life. While modernization, urbanization, globalization, and technological advancement have transformed Indian society, religion has adapted to these changes rather than disappearing. Sociologists have therefore viewed religion as both an agent of continuity and a catalyst for transformation. Religion has historically inspired several social reform movements in India. Reformers such as Raja Ram Mohan Roy, Swami Dayananda Saraswati, Swami Vivekananda, Jyotiba Phule, Narayana Guru, and Mahatma Gandhi challenged social evils like sati, child marriage, untouchability, caste discrimination, and gender inequality by drawing upon religious and ethical principles. These movements contributed significantly to social justice, educational reforms, and the upliftment of marginalized communities. In contemporary India, religion continues to play a vital role in promoting social welfare. Religious organizations establish schools, hospitals, orphanages, old-age __________ _________ ____ ______ ____ ______ _____ _________ ________.
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