Examine the causes of droughts and discuss the nature of drought management in India.

Causes of Droughts

Droughts are complex phenomena influenced by a combination of natural and human factors. In India, several factors contribute to the occurrence and severity of droughts:

1. Meteorological Factors:
   - Irregular Monsoon Patterns: India relies heavily on the South Asian monsoon for its agriculture, and any irregularities in its pattern can lead to drought conditions. Variations in monsoon rainfall due to climate change or natural oscillations like El Niño can trigger droughts.
   - High Temperatures: Rising temperatures exacerbate water stress by increasing evaporation rates, leading to moisture loss from soil and vegetation.
   - Delayed Onset or Early Withdrawal of Monsoon: Delayed onset or premature withdrawal of the monsoon can significantly affect crop cycles, leading to reduced agricultural productivity and water scarcity.

2. Hydrological Factors:
   - Depletion of Groundwater: Over-extraction of groundwater for irrigation and other purposes has led to a decline in water tables, particularly in regions heavily dependent on groundwater resources. This depletion exacerbates drought conditions.
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