Examine the arrival of nationalism in early 19th century India.

The term nationalism is essentially a sentiment of unity arising among a number of people usually of the same territory, sharing a common language, similar history and traditions, common interests with common political association and common ideals of political unity. The presence or absence of any one or more factors does not necessarily imply the presence or absence of a spirit of nationalism. What is important is the will of the people to live together free from all external control (Grover, 2004; Desai, 1946). Indian nationalism arose due to many factors and forces. Basically it arose to meet the challenge of foreign domination. The very nature of the British rule facilitated the growth of national sentiment among the Indian people. It was the British rule and its consequences, direct and indirect, which supplied the necessary conditions, material, moral and intellectual for the rise of a national movement in India. At the root of the matter lay the conflict of interests of the ruler and the ruled. The British had brought India under their political control chiefly to promote their own interests and they ruled it mainly with that end in view. Naturally the British interests were given precedence over Indian welfare (Kumar, 1982). 1 British rule over India was held responsible for the cultural and intellectual stagnation of India. This feeling came to be shared by an increasingly larger number of Indians. In the context of world history, the rise of nationalism is reflected in the spirit of Renaissance in Europe when freedom from religious ___ __________ __________ ____ __________ ___ __________ _________ ___ _____.
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