Examine Gene Sharp's theory of conflict transformation.

Sharp recognises that conflict in society and politics is inevitable, and in many cases, desirable. Some conflicts can be resolved by ‘mild  methods’ such as negotiation, dialogue and conciliation – methods that basically involve compromise. However, these methods are feasible  only when the issues at stake are not fundamental. In “acute conflicts”, the fundamental issues are or are believed to be, at stake; such  conflicts are not suitable for resolution by compromise because hostile violence may be applied to impose oppression, injustice, dictatorship or  even to threaten survival. In these circumstances, it is unreasonable to aim for a “win-win” resolution. In fact in 2003 Sharp said, “Brutal   ictators and perpetrators of genocide do not deserve to win anything.” The usage of violence in conflicts cannot be eliminated by protests  against such violence. If violence is not an option in acute conflicts, Sharp says, “There has to be a substitute means of conducting __________ __________ ___ ____ _________ ______.
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