Encapsulation and data hiding

Encapsulation and data hiding are fundamental concepts in object-oriented programming (OOP) and are particularly emphasized in languages like C++. They contribute to the principles of abstraction, modularity, and security in software design.

1. Encapsulation:
   - Definition: Encapsulation is the bundling of data (attributes) and the methods (functions) that operate on the data into a single unit known as a class. It allows the data to be hidden from the outside world and only accessed through well-defined interfaces (public methods).
   - Purpose: Encapsulation helps in organizing code _________ ___ ___ ___ ________ _____.
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