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Electronic Theses and Dissertations (ETDs) refer to academic research documents such as master’s theses and doctoral dissertations that are created, submitted, stored, and accessed in digital formats. They represent an important application of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in the field of education and research. Unlike traditional printed theses that require physical storage space and manual access, ETDs use digital technologies to improve the creation, management, preservation, and distribution of scholarly work. The development of ETDs has transformed the process of academic publishing and knowledge sharing. Researchers can prepare their theses using digital tools, including word processors, reference management software, statistical applications, and multimedia tools. After completion, these documents are submitted electronically through university repositories or dedicated digital platforms. This process reduces paperwork, saves time, ___ ________ __________ ________ ______ ___ ______ _____ __________.
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