Electron withdrawing substituents at the carbonyl carbon increase the reactivity towards nucleophilic addition reactions.

Electron-withdrawing substituents at the carbonyl carbon increase the electrophilicity of the carbonyl carbon. This is because these substituents pull electron density away from the carbonyl group, making the carbonyl carbon more positive. As a ___ ____ ________ ______ ______ _______ ______ _________ _______ ___.
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