Elaborate the prevention strategies to prevent HIV infection from pregnant mother to her child.

Preventing the transmission of HIV from a pregnant mother to her child, known as vertical transmission, is a critical aspect of HIV/AIDS prevention. Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) can occur during pregnancy, labor, delivery, or breastfeeding. Without proper intervention, the risk of transmission can be high, but with appropriate strategies, the chances of HIV transmission can be significantly reduced.

The first and foremost prevention strategy is the early detection of HIV infection in pregnant women. Routine HIV testing during pregnancy allows for timely identification of those who are HIV-positive. Early diagnosis enables healthcare providers to initiate antiretroviral therapy (ART) for the mother, which plays a crucial role in reducing the viral load in the mother’s blood and thus decreases the likelihood of transmission to the child. ART should ___ ___ _________ __________ ____ ____ ________ _____ _______ __________ ___.
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